1. Use Native Plants - Native plants are adapted to the area and require less water and maintenance.  They are also more resistant to pests and disease than exotic species and attract wildlife, birds and beneficial insects.  Native plants reduce the need for pesticides and fertilizer that could potentially end up in the water supply.  You don't need to exclude exotic plants from your landscape, but incorporating a few native plants can make a big difference in irrigation and maintenance.

2. Plant deciduous trees to reduce energy use - Shade trees are a great way to cool your home and reduce air conditioning costs during the summer.  When these trees drop their leaves, they allow sunlight to warm your home.  Plant tall deciduous trees on the east and west-facing sides of your home to shade it during the hottest months.  Plant trees on the south side to shade the roof and prevent intense summer sunlight from overheating your home.

3.  Plant evergreen trees to block winter wind - Evergreen trees create a natural windbreak to reduce cold winds.  Trees intended for a windbreak are usually planted on the north and west sides of a home.  Determine the dominant wind direction for your area and plant upwind.

4. Xeriscape - Xeriscaping is commonly associated with arid climates (think Southwestern U.S.) but the concepts are applicable to all landscapes.  The basic ideas are efficient irrigation systems, native plants, reducing turfgrass and creating water-wise designs.

5. Reel or electric mowers - Gas-powered mowers are a great time-saver, but the alternative reel mowers are efficient, do not pollute and have the extra benefit of exercise.  If you have a large lawn, a reel mower may not be practical.  Consider an electric mower or renovating your landscape to replace turf with native plants.

6. Drip irrigation systems - Drip irrigation delivers water directly to plants and wastes very little water.  They are about 90 percent efficient as compared to sprinkle irrigation, which is only 50-70 percent efficient.  Drip irrigation also cuts down on weeds in unwanted areas, because these areas aren't being irrigated.

7. Composting - Composting occurs naturally and is a process that keeps organic nutrients cycling from the soil to plants, and back to the soil again.  It keeps waste out of the landfill, improves soil texture and moisture retention and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers.  Start a compost pile with leaves, grass and plant debris and include your kitchen scraps.

8. Use organic products and techniques for landscape maintenance - When its necessary to control pests or encourage growth, use organic products.  Learn about the insects in your yard before spraying a broad-spectrum pesticide that will kill good and bad bugs.  Mix organic fertilizers according to the label to reduce harmful runoff and create a healthier environment for your family and pets.

9. Grow a vegetable garden and plant fruit trees - Harvesting your own fruits and vegetables is a great way to save money at the grocery store.  You can supplement a lot of what your family eats with a small home garden and teach your children to make healthy, whole food choices.

Need help getting started?  Contact Bath Landscape Design for a beautiful design or complete installation.